Methodology

Every vote counted here comes from official House and Senate roll-call records.

The score

For each scored roll call, a candidate's Yea or Nay is marked bag-friendly or bag-hostile. Each roll call has a weight. Bags Risk is the weighted share of their counted votes that were bag-hostile, from 0 to 100.

Bags Risk = 100 × hostile weight ÷ (hostile weight + friendly weight)

• Not voting and Present are shown but don't count either way.
• Votes taken before someone was in office don't count against them. They're simply absent.
• Fewer than 3 counted votes gets a thin record flag (^*).
• Only floor votes are scored. Statements, hearings, letters and flip-flops go in notes, which never change the number.

Weights

• 1.0: final passage of a standalone bill or resolution.
• 0.5: procedural votes (cloture), veto overrides that repeat an earlier vote, and repeat votes on the same measure in the same chamber.
• 0.5: Senate confirmations of SEC chairs (Gensler, Atkins). A confirmation is about more than crypto, but the SEC chair decides whether crypto gets sued or regulated.

Why most "yes" votes count as bag-friendly

Almost every crypto measure that got a recorded floor vote since 2021 was one the crypto industry wanted. Measures the industry opposed mostly never reached a recorded vote. So for most scored votes, Yea is the bag-friendly vote. The Gensler confirmation is the main exception: a yes vote there counts as bag-hostile.

Direction, weight and reasoning for every roll call are on the bills page.

Breaking with party

Most of these bills split along party lines, so scores largely follow party. For every scored roll call we find how most Democrats and most Republicans voted, straight from the official record. A party break is a Yea or Nay against their own party's majority. Independents are compared with the Democrats they caucus with. Breaks are marked on the vote tape and counted in the "Broke w/ party" column.

Rug-pull guard

Some votes on crypto legislation were about protecting holders, like capping how much a project can raise without registering, or barring officials from profiting from crypto. Bags Risk doesn't capture that, so those votes are tracked separately as the rug-pull guard. A guard vote never changes Bags Risk. With only 2 recorded votes so far, they're shown vote by vote, not as a score. Most crypto bills reached the floor with no amendment votes allowed, which is why there are so few. If more come up, this becomes its own score.

Guard votes are listed on the bills page with the reasoning for each.

Tiers

Who's included

• Sitting members of the House and Senate (voting members only; delegates can't vote on passage).
• Former members who served during the scored votes and filed with the FEC for 2026.
• Challengers with no congressional record who filed for 2026 and raised at least $100,000.

"Running in 2026" starts from FEC filings. The FEC doesn't track retirements or primary results, so sitting members' retirements and primary losses come from Wikipedia's 2026 House and Senate election pages, each linked to the news report it cites. Challengers' primary results aren't checked yet. If we've missed something, tell us.

What this doesn't measure

• Committee votes, bill sponsorship, or amendments. Floor votes only, for now.
• Whether a bill was good policy. "Bag-friendly" means good for the price of crypto holdings, the way the industry and most holders saw it at the time.
• State legislatures. Federal only, for now.

Most scored bills split along party lines, so scores track party closely. See Breaking with party.

Sources

• House votes: Office of the Clerk roll-call XML
• Senate votes: U.S. Senate roll-call XML
• Candidates: FEC bulk candidate files, 2026 cycle
• Member IDs: unitedstates/congress-legislators

This phrase means financial loss; it does not mean sexual assault.